Erikson Autobiographical Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Erikson Autobiographical Assignment - Essay Example The newborn child relies completely upon their parental figures subsequently the estimation of care that the youngster gets assumes a crucial job in the deciding the child’s character (Erickson, 1963). It is at this phase the kid realizes whether he/she can confide in the individuals around him/her. Does the guardian take care of the necessities of the infant when he cries? Does anybody comfort the youngster when he/she is terrified? The youngster figures out how to confide in the individuals who are taking consideration for the person in question when these necessities are reliably met. In the event that his/her needs are not reliably met, the kid will question the individuals around him. A youngster who effectively creates trust has a sense of security and secure on the planet. Guardians who are not steady, depressed or dismissing add to sentiments of question in the kids they care for. Question will result to fear and a conviction that the world is conflicting and arbitrary (Erickson, 1963). During my earliest stages I was joined to my mom to the degree that I never needed to release her. At whatever point my mom was away, I would cry and begin nursing my fingers. I used to feel like any other individual separated from my mom was intended to hurt me. With time I began becoming accustomed to my senior sister who might consistently take care of me at whatever point I cried. At the point when I was one year old, I began putting resources into associations with nearly everybody at home, I had created non-dubious mentalities, was inviting to contact, could without much of a stretch let mother proceed to share my assets. I had created trust. At this stage kids are centered around increasing a more noteworthy feeling of discretion. The kid figures out how to ace abilities, for example, strolling, talking, taking care of and other fine engine aptitudes. The youngster likewise figures out how to state NO! which is an essential ability of the will. It is imperative to increase a feeling of individual command over the world at this period of improvement. The youngster builds up a feeling of control and a sentiment of opportunity on

Emerging market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Developing business sector - Assignment Example There was a rising propensity in the utilization of solid mixed refreshments until the finish of 1980s; in mid 1990s this pattern was turned around. From that point forward the interest for vodka has been diminishing, while the interest for lager and wine has been growing1 (Tabel 1). Liquor is frequently described as genuinely negative with regards to neediness. (Poverty and Alcohol - an article by Yoon Hui Kim, 2004). However, a similar creator concurs that contentions have been made for both the advantages and disservices of liquor creation and utilization - as an industry, liquor creation has been contended to prod financial development and lighten neediness, while as an item it has been condemned for fueling the states of impoverishment. Thus, for destitute individuals liquor can have both positive and negative repercussions on monetary, political, social, and wellbeing factors. Liquor utilization can go about as a monetary channel for needy families by redirecting constrained assets from uses on food, medicinal services, and training. White spirits and specifically, vodka, have been on the expansion since 1999. A significant part of the development has been motivated by more youthful grown-ups, who are either enhancing or bypassing by and large, brew and wine, in preference3. The liquor business is a creative industry ready to utilize a wide assortment of promoting instruments to make progress in the commercial center. The different parts of item showcasing incorporate publicizing, naming, shopper advancement, bundling and marketing, being a vital piece of advancing various brands of purchaser products. Liquor utilization in Poland is tantamount to that in other European countries4. Purchasing of liquor (recurrence and sum) relies upon segment, financial and mental variables. Factual information uncover that liquor utilization is wide spread in Poland. In the time of the most recent dozen years changes in the amount and structure of utilization were watched. The most regularly expended liquor is right now brew, especially among youngsters. In may 2003, an exploration examining The states of liquor utilization among Polish grown-ups distributed in Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities shows that more seasoned individuals appear to incline toward wine and vodka. Aside from age, sex likewise impacts inclinations: ladies more every now and again than men drink a wide range of wine and enhanced vodka, while brew, unadulterated vodka and mead are flushed all the more regularly by men (the

Back Bay 5K

Back Bay 5K As I wrote in a previous entry, I signed up to run the Back Bay 5K last Saturday. Results here. I very intelligently chose to walk across the bridge in flip-flops. For those of you who were not at MIT last weekend and arent aware, it was rather chilly. And by rather, I mean freaking. While Sam 07 pins on his bib, I warm up my hands so I can pin another bib on Veena 06. Dont let our smiles fool you. It is freezing. I attempt to curl up to conserve warmth (not tie Sams shoelace) as Melis 08 laughs at me in her warm, warm sweatshirt. I hate you, Melis. (But you do have beautiful eyes :P ) I went on a warm-up jog and when I came back, everyone had lined up to start. Not cool, people. We had a very nice view of the Esplanade while running. Here, some of the organizers tally the results. No post-college, pre-50 female runners stuck around for awards, so Sam got one of the prizes. Have fun with your free fitness consultation, bud. Our BU friend Jessica 08 thanks for the pictures! It is freezing, but we are happy =) The Boston Marathon is going DOWN.

Machiavellis Best Quotes

Niccolà ² Machiavelli is a central intellectual figure in Renaissance philosophy. Although he worked mainly as a statesman, he was also a notable historian, dramatist, poet, and philosopher. His works contain some of the most memorable quotes in political science. Here follows a selection of those that are most representative for philosophers. Most Notable Quotes From the Prince (1513) Upon this, one has to remark that men ought either to be well treated or crushed, because they can avenge themselves of lighter injuries, of more serious ones they cannot; therefore the injury that is to be done to a man ought to be of such a kind that one does not stand in fear of revenge. From this arises the question whether it is better to be loved more than feared, or feared more than loved. The reply is, that one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved, if one of the two has to be wanting. For it may be said of men in general that they are ungrateful, voluble, dissemblers, anxious to avoid danger, and covetous of gain; as long as you benefit them, they are entirely yours; they offer you their blood, their goods, their life, and their children, as I have before said, when the necessity is remote; but when it approaches, they revolt. And the prince who has relied solely on their words, without making other preparations, is ruined, for the friendship which is gained by purchase and not through grandeur and nobility of spirit is merited but is not secured, and at times is not to be had. And men have less scruple in offending one who makes himself loved than one who makes himself fea red; for love is held by a chain of obligation which, men being selfish, is broken whenever it serves their purpose; but fear is maintained by a dread of punishment which never fails.You must know, then, that there are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force: the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is therefore necessary to know well how to use both the beast and the man. Most Notable Quotes from the Discourses on Livy (1517) As all those have shown who have discussed civil institutions, and as every history is full of examples, it is necessary to whoever arranges to found a Republic and establish laws in it, to presuppose that all men are bad and that they will use their malignity of mind every time they have the opportunity; and if such malignity is hidden for a time, it proceeds from the unknown reason that would not be known because the experience of the contrary had not been seen, but time, which is said to be the father of every truth, will cause it to be discovered.So in all human affairs one notices, if one examines them closely, that it is impossible to remove one inconvenience without another emerging.Anyone who studies present and ancient affairs will easily see how in all cities and all peoples there still exist, and have always existed, the same desires and passions. Thus, it is an easy matter for him who carefully examines past events to foresee future events in a republic and to apply the r emedies employed by the ancients, or, if old remedies cannot be found, to devise new ones based upon the similarity of the events. But since these matters are neglected or not understood by those who read, or, if understood, remain unknown to those who govern, the result is that the same problems always exist in every era.

The Perception Of Mental Self - 1408 Words

Today s general public numerous individuals are impacted by the pictures that are shown in the magazines or the put on the TV screen. The normal people are known to contrast themselves with others, whether it is somebody s personal satisfaction by which they decide to build themselves as a clearly effective individual or the impression of mental self portrait. The mental components that play into our cognizant personality and our intuitive personality impact us regarding what we do whether we are mindful it or not. Numerous individuals who manage mental self view or social acknowledgement discover approaches to attempt and change themselves. Dietary issues are mental issue that involve individuals looking upon themselves as insufficient. . The force of the brain is something that is incredibly ignored by individuals who store antagonism into themselves by talking negative words and considering on circumstance that brought about disappointment. Individuals who battle to have inspirati onal attitudes toward things can are more inclined to decay into a sadness (Kail, 2010). Bulimia is a malady in which individuals substitute between feasting voraciously, periods when they eat wildly and cleansing with diuretics or self-prompted heaving (Kail, 2010). The capacity to have control of one s self is vital to individuals who battle with this malady, they feel in control of their body and the way they are seen by others. Albeit bulimic people have a tendency to surmise that theyShow MoreRelatedMental Models1252 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment 1 | Mental Models Can your mental models about your world both assist and limit your perceptions when you meet a person for the first time? (Senge, 2006) advocates the notion that mental models are the images, assumptions and stories which we carry in our minds of ourselves other people, institutions and every aspect of the world. I believe this to be a true statement when it comes to way in which we interact and reciprocate with a person we have met for the first time. It is theRead MoreThe Effects Of Self Perception, Behavior, And Behavior Of Children From Infancy Into Adulthood879 Words   |  4 Pagesmay have an impact on mental wellness, self-perception, and behavior of children from infancy into adulthood. For the purpose of discussion I will evaluate issues of self-perception, behavior, and mental wellness in school-aged children. I will also evaluate strategies to mitigate the promotion of positive behavior, mental wellness, and good self-perception. Also, I will provide additional educational and support resources for parents. Self-perception Self-perception evolves at each stage ofRead MoreAging Of Aging And Aging Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful aging. A basis of successful aging can be set including: physical health disease free, chronic illness free, mental health disease free, among many others. The only problem with this basis is the difference from person to person in terms of what makes aging successful. As individuals age, their mental state is a large predictor of how the person will age. A positive mental state about aging, will have a more positive effect on a person’s aging process. Many factors may influence the positivityRead MoreLabeling Of An Illness Or Disability From A Medical Professional1467 Words   |  6 PagesLabelling can occur by diagnosis of an illness or disability from a medical professional, to avoid labels The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is used. The DSM contains the symptoms of mental illness in order to ensure the correct diagnosis. L abels can also be applied to individuals that are considered different from others in the community by behaviour or personal qualities. To avoid this in psychological scientific writing The American Psychological Association (APA)Read MoreMajor Depression And Its Effects On Mental Illness Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesOne in four adults−approximately 61.5 million Americans experiences mental illness in a give year. One in 17−about 13.6 million live with a serious mental illness such as schizophrenia, major depression or bipolar disorder (The National Alliance on Mental Health,2013). A person’s mind automatically changes during the state of depression, and he thinks of several negative things all at one time. He might feel that, he is always facing failures every now and then. A person might be suffering from aRead MoreSelf Reflection : Self Esteem956 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-esteem is the comprehension of self-acknowledgement from the self and from others. Factors contributing to overall self-esteem includes; Self-worth, Self- tolerance and belief in oneself. (SOURCE4) Self-esteem is thought to begin as early as life and continue throughout existence with various changes as age progresses. (SOURCE#2) A sense of self-esteem outside of the norm can lead to problematic life occurrences. Both high and low self-perception can intervene with everyday life. People withRead MoreRecreation of the Ideas of Edmund Husserl Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesexample, before Mt. Everest was discovered, the tallest mountain in the world remains Mt. Everest regardless of its gnostic status . Husserl puts forth three prejudices that permeate psychologism, the first of which identifies normative mental acts must have a mental basis (Psychologistic Prejudices, 101). However, a distinction must be made between normative statements and descriptive statements that include normative motivations. It is an is-ought problem. Logic is normative and carries a sense ofRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1212 Words   |  5 Pagesbizarre statements heard by people experiencing symptoms of mental illness. Patients suffering a physiological illness rarely hear these words, but they have begun to sound like a broken record to the mentally ill. Everyone sympathizes with the stomach, the liver, the eye, and many other organs in the body when they begin to malfunction, but no one sympathizes with the brain. It is unimaginable and almost abominable for the brain to get sick. Mental illness is probably the most misconstrued and trivializedRead MoreCareer Goals : My Car eer Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagessees self as to be helpful, welcoming, and dependable. My profession normally includes working with, speaking with, instructing individuals, and causing or giving administration to others. However, my results also showed me other community and social service specialist that also may be in my interest such as health educator, youth counselor, and mental health / behavioral counselor. The profession that I had at the top of my priority list when I initially started school is to become a mental healthRead MoreCommon Misunderstanding about Buddhism741 Words   |  3 PagesHinduism during that time, the common misunderstanding is that many people believes that when one passed on and reincarnate, the individual possess the same souls as the one before. This is wrong because the Buddhism does not believed in a permanent self in one’s body. The doctrine of Buddhism is to attain enlightenment and be released from the cycle of rebirth and death, thus attaining Nirvana. Whereas, the doctrine of Hinduism was to escape the cycle of reincarnation, and attain salvation. In Buddhism

The Effects of Cyber Bullying Free Essays

Cyberbullying is defined as deliberately attempting to upset someone; cyberbullying can happen via a number numerous ways. With all different forms of social media, whether it be Twitter, Facebook, or even, Instagram, cyberbullying can occur. Bullying effects our communities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Cyber Bullying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kids that are bullied appear likely to experience anxiety, depression, loneliness, unhappiness, and sleep deprivation. Yet, while the victim might appear passive, it stands imperative that the parent may not. When a parent takes part in his or her child’s social media, it makes it harder for his or her child to be made fun of because their parents watch over them. A parent can stand as the ultimate counselor a child needs when getting bullied. Real life bullying stops when that final bell rings, but cyberbullying continues outside of the classroom. People will bully someone because they want to lower another person’s self-esteem. But bullying can do more than that! Bully victims appear two to nine times more likely to consider suicide. Victims go through this depression where they cannot feel anything except worthlessness. Actions of cyberbullying does not only happen on the social media, it happens through texting as well. More than likely, another student harasses and bashes another student just for their own self amusement. The person never stops to consider the thoughts of his or her victims. Cyberbullying causes depression, school phobia, social anxiety, not wanting to leave the house, and, even thoughts of suicide. Most often cyberbullying may appear as a touchy subject that students must learn how to properly handle and get the help they need. Kids going though this harassment can feel at their lowest then have the harassment to pile on to it. When it comes to cyberbullying, they often are motivated by anger, revenge, or frustration. Sometimes they do it for entertainment or because they appear bored and have too much time on their hands. Many do it for laughs, or to get a reaction, but some do it by accident, that person sends a message to the wrong recipient, or he or she do not think before he or she acts. Power-hungry people do it to torment others and social popularity. Revenge of the nerd may start out as defending themself from traditional bullying only to find that he or she enjoys being the tough guy. Mean girls do it to help bolster, or remind people, of their own social standing. Some think they are justifying the wrong and standing up for others. In general, cyberbullies have their own motives on why they are involved in cyberbullying. Some of their intentions have been identified as anonymity, power, attention, retaliation, boredom, jealousy, and the pleasure of inflicting pain. Numerous people who participate in cyber bullying do it to make themselves feel better. Bullies tend to have much insecurity, but they hide them through insulting others. There are many ways to overcome cyberbullying. He, or she, may just want to click â€Å"delete† on every hateful email, text, or IM. However, this may not appear as the right motive because there may come a time when this bully needs to get reported, and he or she will need all the evidence right there in front of him or her. To prevent bullying one must save and print each and every mean thing they send. The day will come, when he or she will need this evidence. If the person receives a â€Å"bully† message, never get more involved than needed. Replying to that hurtful comment will only worsen the problem. When all else fails, get others involved. Let Parents or teachers know about the situation. Most likely, they can track the IP address, and get the exact location of the attacker. A cyberbully stands as nothing when they do not behind their internet mask. Talking to them about it upfront, might even scare them away. If this person seems not to be intimidated, or issues more violent or humiliating threats, contact an adult to intervene. Bullying of any kind appears illegal in most states. After letting a parent into the situation, allow them to contact the bully’s parents. Cyberbullying can happen to anyone and anyone can overcome it as well. How to cite The Effects of Cyber Bullying, Essay examples

Lead the Work Australian Childcare Company

Question: Discuss about theLead the Workfor Australian Childcare Company. Answer: Introduction The quality learning provided to the children is essential to shape the future of the student in this current time. Goodstart Early Learning is an Australian childcare company that provides the effective start to the childrens learning process (Goodstart.org.au 2016). This non-for-profit organisation operates with the strong determination of establishing the business discipline. The major focus of the company is to consider the learning and development parameter of the children and ensure the quality outcome in their school life. The study will highlight the discussion of effective communication process as well as the performance feedback to the individual and group. The associated legislative and ethical obligations will also be analysed. Finally, it is essential to understand whether the learning needs are met or not. Effective Communication The good communication is depended on the two-way process. The recognition of the proper input and output is measured for determining effective communication with the organisation and the associated volunteers. There are some of the approaches that can be undertaken to establish the proper communication process. These are as follows: Arrangements of team meetings Frequent reviewing and monitoring the feedbacks of the volunteers (org.au 2016). Promoting awareness among the volunteers Maintenance of the close relationship with the supervisor Spending time with the volunteers Specifying the team roles and responsibilities Application of such communication attributes will be beneficial for accomplishing the pre-determined objectives. Performance Feedback to the Individuals and Group Performance feedback is essential to measure the progress of the functionalities undertaken by the organisation. There are several steps associated with the performance feedback of the individuals and groups. These are described further: Plan: It is required developing the effective planning process that includes the information of the behaviour needs to be undertaken during the feedback receiving process. Providing Examples: It is noted that the ague criticism creates anxiety among the associates. Hence, it is needed to provide the tangible examples for receiving feedbacks (Visscher and Coe 2013). Motivation: In order to receive the proper feedback, it is essential to motivate the associates. The maintenance of transparency is beneficial to motivate them and extract feedbacks. Preparing the Timeline: There should be the specific time schedule for the feedback, which is needed to be delivered to everyone. Within this time span, the entire feedbacks will jot down. Following these steps would be beneficial for deriving feedbacks and identifying the area of improvement. Relevant Legislative and Ethical Obligations as well as Monitoring the Compliance The study is focusing on the establishment of effective child care learning system by Goodstart Early Learning. It is noted that performing the relevant operational activities are concerned with several legislative factors. If the operational team fails to manage the legislative rules, it affects the business much significantly. Some of the legislative concerns are thus associated with such purposes. The maintenance of the confidentiality is related to the revelation of the information about the major tasks. The concerned legislatives are as follows: The Privacy Act Amendment 2000 ensures the protection of the necessary information (Etraining.communitydoor.org.au 2016). The Child Protection Act is providing the safety and security for providing proper learning and child care services (Moj.gov.jm 2016). The Workplace Health and Safety Act represents the safety and security of the associated people in that institute. Reviewing these entire legislative concerns, it can be inferred that the institute needs to take such laws into account. The maintenance of the consistency in improving the internal legislative approaches will be much beneficial for accomplishing the objectives. The government policies and regulations may create several obligations to undertake the proper operational actions. However, maintenance all such legislative concerns will be helpful enough in monitoring the compliances. The identification of such concern is necessary for facilitating such essential regulations. Accordingly, it enhances the child care aspects in a significant way. Supporting the Staff Members for Meeting the Learning Needs In order to keep the staffs motivated and driving them towards performing the operational activities, it is necessary to provide them proper supports. While providing supports to the associated, it is necessary to keep focus on following factors: The employer needs to be concerned about the legal obligations for the training purposes of the staffs. While providing the staffs the relevant training, their safety and security is needed to be maintained. The training purposes of the staffs require being associated with proper business plan. Reviewing and monitoring their performance parameter would ensure the exact area of improvement (Business.qld.gov.au 2016). Communication transparency is one of the major factors for supporting the staffs. If the staffs can communicate properly regarding their concerns, it would be beneficial t understand the demands of the operational process. Following the above mentioned factors, the Goodstart Early Learning can fulfil their organisational objectives. Moreover, the purpose of providing the quality child learning and care services would be accomplished accordingly. Conclusion The above study is highlighting the purpose of Goodstart Early Learning and the required considerations that are needed to be undertaken. The performance reviewing and monitoring specify the underlying concerns associated with the operational activities. The recognition of the legislations and regulations is needed to be taken into consideration. Providing the proper support to the associated members would be beneficial in accomplishing the determined goals. References Business.qld.gov.au, 2016. Develop a staff training program | Queensland Government. [online] Business.qld.gov.au. Available at: https://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/employing/staff-development/training-staff/develop-staff-training-program [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Communitydoor.org.au, 2016. Supervise and support volunteers | QCOSS Community Door. [online] Communitydoor.org.au. Available at: https://www.communitydoor.org.au/organisational-resources/volunteer-management/supervise-and-support-volunteers [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Etraining.communitydoor.org.au, 2016. CHCCS402A: Implementing duty of care and ethical behaviour standards. [online] Etraining.communitydoor.org.au. Available at: https://etraining.communitydoor.org.au/mod/page/view.php?id=156 [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Goodstart.org.au, 2016. About us | Goodstart. [online] Goodstart.org.au. Available at: https://www.goodstart.org.au/about-us [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Moj.gov.jm, 2016. [online] Available at: https://moj.gov.jm/sites/default/files/laws/Child%20Care%20and%20Protection%20Act_0.pdf [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. Visscher, A.J. and Coe, R., 2013.School improvement through performance feedback(Vol. 10). Routledge.

Path-Goal Theory Essay Sample free essay sample

The success or failure of directors depends on their leading qualities. They can be successful leaders by assisting their subsidiaries to happen solutions to their jobs. Several efforts were made to explicate and understand leading with the preparation of assorted leading theories. One such of import theory is the Path-Goal theory which is a eventuality theoretical account of leading developed by Robert House. It borrows some of import elements from Ohio State Studies and the anticipation theory of motive ( Heinz and Koontz. 1994. p. 492 ) . Harmonizing to the path-goal theory. the leader should supply required support and counsel to his followings and assist them accomplish organisational ends. He should besides set up single ( or group ) ends for employees that are compatible with the wide organisational ends. Thus the leader defines the way to accomplish ends. The behaviour of the leader is acceptable to the subsidiaries every bit long as: While implementing the path-goal theory four types of leading can be used in order to impact subordinate’s perceptual experience about way and ends. We will write a custom essay sample on Path-Goal Theory Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Expectancy theory is the foundation of the path-goal construct of leading. This theory indicates that employee motive is dependent on those facets of the leader’s behaviour that influence the employee’s purposive public presentation and the comparative attraction to the employee of the ends involved. The theory holds that an person is motivated by his perceptual experience of the possibility of accomplishing a end through effectual occupation public presentation. However. the single must be able to associate his or her attempts to the effectivity of his/her occupation public presentation. taking to the achievement of ends. Two general propositions have emerged from the path-goal theory of House and Mitchell: ( Boone and David. 1992. p. 408 ) This is beyond any shred of uncertainty that the path-goal theory makes a great trade of sense to the practicing director. However. this theoretical account needs farther testing before the attack can be used as a unequivocal usher for managerial action. Mentions Louis E. Boone and David L. Kurtz. Management. McGraw-Hill Inc. . USA. International Student Edition. 1992. p. 408. Heinz Weihrich and Harold Koontz. Management:A Global Position. McGraw-Hill. Singapore. 10Thursdayedition. 1994. p. 490.

Free Essays on Compassion Of Buddha

In the Legend of the Buddha Shakyamuni, the word â€Å"compassion† appears several times throughout the text. In the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word â€Å"compassion† is defined in two different ways. The first way comes from the Latin root â€Å"compati,† which means to sympathize. This definition means to be understanding and caring towards someone. The other definition originates from the late 14th Century, which means â€Å"sympathetic consciousness of others’ distress together with a desire to alleviate it.† This definition still uses the word sympathetic; however, there is an added component to help lessen the problems of others. I feel that the second definition of compassion (or karuna) pertains to the legend. Compassion in Sanskrit is defined as â€Å"pity, active sympathy and gentle affection felt for all sentient beings.† Once Buddha learns the four holy truths and the eightfold path, he claimed he reached his goal of Nirvana, he is described as â€Å"the great seer, full of compassion, had thus proclaimed the Dharma, he of the Kaundinya clan, and hundred of gods with him, obtained the insight which is pure and free from dust.† Throughout the legend, the goal of Buddha was to reach a level of release from the Samsaric cycle of rebirth. The second definition of compassion illustrates Buddha’s desire to elevate himself beyond the realm of the living and onto a more infinite, spiritual level. After Bodhisattva reached Nirvana, he wanted to not only help others reach the same state, but also have people there to share their experiences with. When the Buddha goes home to see his father, his father says, â€Å"instead, having conquered the great ills of the Samsaric world, you have become a Sage who proclaims the Dharma for the weal of all.† Buddha’s father says that his son has become a teacher, or a â€Å"Sage,† who uses his experiences and his knowledge to help others break out of the Samsaric cycle of life.... Free Essays on Compassion Of Buddha Free Essays on Compassion Of Buddha In the Legend of the Buddha Shakyamuni, the word â€Å"compassion† appears several times throughout the text. In the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word â€Å"compassion† is defined in two different ways. The first way comes from the Latin root â€Å"compati,† which means to sympathize. This definition means to be understanding and caring towards someone. The other definition originates from the late 14th Century, which means â€Å"sympathetic consciousness of others’ distress together with a desire to alleviate it.† This definition still uses the word sympathetic; however, there is an added component to help lessen the problems of others. I feel that the second definition of compassion (or karuna) pertains to the legend. Compassion in Sanskrit is defined as â€Å"pity, active sympathy and gentle affection felt for all sentient beings.† Once Buddha learns the four holy truths and the eightfold path, he claimed he reached his goal of Nirvana, he is described as â€Å"the great seer, full of compassion, had thus proclaimed the Dharma, he of the Kaundinya clan, and hundred of gods with him, obtained the insight which is pure and free from dust.† Throughout the legend, the goal of Buddha was to reach a level of release from the Samsaric cycle of rebirth. The second definition of compassion illustrates Buddha’s desire to elevate himself beyond the realm of the living and onto a more infinite, spiritual level. After Bodhisattva reached Nirvana, he wanted to not only help others reach the same state, but also have people there to share their experiences with. When the Buddha goes home to see his father, his father says, â€Å"instead, having conquered the great ills of the Samsaric world, you have become a Sage who proclaims the Dharma for the weal of all.† Buddha’s father says that his son has become a teacher, or a â€Å"Sage,† who uses his experiences and his knowledge to help others break out of the Samsaric cycle of life....

Religion - The Upanishads Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion - The Upanishads - Essay Example For instance, when we get to question where life comes from or who created the earth and the heavenly bodies. The Kena Upanishad tries to answer these questions through use of events and words contained in the Kena Upanishad. The overall message underlined in the Kena Upanishad is that God (Brahman) is the overall in charge of everything in the world. A person who knows the truth will acknowledge the power of the Brahman and it continues to stress that human beings are mortal because they fail to fully grasp understanding of Brahman (Parmananda, 2004). Brahman is mentioned in the Kena Upanishad as the ultimate and the whole. The Kena Upanishad tries to explain that all we see or perceive in the world comes from one source which is the Whole. The Kena Upanishad strives to make it known that knowledge of God (Brahman) and the acknowledgement of his power is very important in life. Most of the Upanishads are related in their content and identification with one’s self. The Upanishads relate to the relationship between Brahman and us as human beings. One of the similarities between the Kena Upanishad and the other Upanishads is that it acknowledges that life without acknowledgment of the Brahman is pointless. For instance, in the Isha Upanishad it talks of seeing the world through Brahman as the only we to live since it is not possible to enjoy life and realize happiness. The phrase â€Å"He who sees all beings in his Self and his Self in all beings, never suffers† is a thought echoed through the other Upanishads. Another great similarity between the Upanishads is that all of them begin with a c hant. This is so done so that people can have the time to reconcile with their maker or Brahman. This is because it is difficult to cultivate the teachings of the deities if you cannot make peace with your brothers. The chant helps in withdrawing our minds from different distractions of the world before entering into the spiritual world. However, there are differences between the Kena Upanishad and the other Upanishads is that, the Kena Upanishad tries to explain the origin of Man. The main difference is the fact that this Upanishad tries to locate and expand the human being’s consciousness to the level it becomes identical to God’s consciousness (Easwaran, 2007). It does this through questions and answers, for instance when a disciple asks the teacher about the source of the world. He explains of the world emerging from a Whole and the whole becoming the World. The Kena Upanishads resembles the message available in other sacred books such as the bible whereby the orig in of the World and God is explained in the book of John. Topic Two The Upanishads are narrated in a way that makes the reader to more aware of his life through the teachings. Moreover, the Upanishads does not provide answers since it talks of the things that cannot be seen but rather believe in. Thus, I tend to agree with Alex Levin that the Upanishads make the reader aware of his connection to God through the spirit. The Upanishads are narrated in a format whereby the lessons of understanding God are done through thought provoking phrases. For instance, in the Isha Upanishad, there is this phrase â€Å"Whatever We see, movable or immovable, good or bad, it is all â€Å"That.† This phrase is not necessarily an answer but it tries to jog the mind of the reader to be fully aware of the questions that the Sage was asked. Several texts have been used in the Upanishad to make the reader alert and learn more and not just to get simple answers of life (Easwaran,

Structural Equation Modeling Analyse Research Paper

Structural Equation Modeling Analyse - Research Paper Example That is, the dependent variable should be predicted by the independent variable. Model 1 covariance results show the following relationship: With the covariance expression and the derived value of a, a manual approach to the equation system gives the confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis model or structural part. The resulting equation shows the possible causal dependent factors between the exogenous and endogenous variables. The bootstrapped samples in Model 1 indicates a possible trend of multivariate function for the fit as the parameter value approaches zero. There is also the possibility of deriving sample distributions for parameter estimates from the entire samples bootstrapped. In the analysis of the covariance matrix indicated in the diagram above, deriving the solution for g considers the use of g2. The arising systematic equations during the setting of corresponding elements for sample covariance gives the following results: The equation above gives either a positive, or negative value. There are no any other equation that can provide the sign choice given for the resulting parameters of the covariance matrix functions. By using the square root of the value of g2, g will approximately be 2.05. Plugging the new value of g systematically into the equation, the resulting equation sets of parameter approximations are: Looking at the 2 models, bootstrapped samples of Model 2 possess the capacity to yield the two solution types requires for parameter estimates. That is, the loading signs are different. Generally, relative frequency of both solutions are determined by factors such as start values of SEM software, covariance sign, covariance strength, score distribution shape of parent sample, and sample size. Estimates for the loading parameter should be bimodal since there is the presence of 2 global minima for their multivariate fit

The Concept Of Laicite In France

The Concept Of Laicite In France In France laÃÆ' ¯cità © has shaped the relation between religion and the State through enhancing a separation between them. This separation has been possible thanks to the existence of a legislation that has relatively succeeded in drawing the lines for both sides. However, the societal developments have influenced their relations and raised many questions about the States role in the face of the challenges on the ground. And so laÃÆ' ¯cità © in theory has been found to be incompatible with laÃÆ' ¯cità © in practice. How laÃÆ' ¯cità © has been challenged over the past years and how the State has reacted towards the influence of religion are major issues. Therefore, should laÃÆ' ¯cità © accommodate itself in view of the changing facts on the ground? The debate is now whether laÃÆ' ¯cità © is a rigid concept that refuses to change and recognize the role of religion and peoples rights to freedom of belief, or a dynamic concept that embraces multiculturalism and f osters religious groups rights without affecting the neutrality of the State. So this paper will answer the question about whether laÃÆ' ¯cità © is a rigid or a dynamic concept in view of the challenges facing the State. French laÃÆ' ¯cità © is taken as a case study in order to scrutinize to this question. The paper starts with a definition of laÃÆ' ¯cità ©, it traces historical facts about its evolution, highlights the challenges that it has encountered, identifies the new laÃÆ' ¯cità © forms before concluding on its capacity to adapt to societal developments. 2 Definition of LaÃÆ' ¯cità © Quite a good number of researchers tend to use the laÃÆ' ¯cità © and secularization interchangeably in their works about the place of religion and the relation between state and religion. In fact the two terms hold different definitions regarding the connection between religion and state. Though in English the word secularization to describe the relationship between them, the French word laÃÆ' ¯cità © is used also in English to refer to the unique separation between religious institutions and the state. According to Olivier Roy (7-8: 2007) the two terms are dissimilar. On the one hand, secularization is a social phenomenon that does not require a political implementation and is not anti-religious and anti-clerical, and so the place is defined by the people themselves. On the other, laÃÆ' ¯cità © is a political choice that defines the place of religion in an authoritarian, legal manner, and so it is decreed by the state which organizes public space. Roy adds that it is a b ody of laws before being a system of thought (p.17). The term laÃÆ' ¯cità © was first used in the 1870s, as were its counter parts the verb laÃÆ' ¯ciser (to secularise) and the nouns laicisation (the action and the result of laÃÆ' ¯cità ©) and laÃÆ' ¯cisme (the doctrine of laÃÆ' ¯cità ©) (Jansen 476:2006). Moreover, the two terms are contrasted in this way à   la diffà ©rence du processus de sà ©cularisation mouvement qui sinscrit sur une longue durà ©e, la laÃÆ' ¯cità © relà ¨ve plutà ´t dune volontà © de la politique à ©tatique qui dà ©finit a la fois les institutions et une vie sociale conforme à   ses principes(Gà ¶le 77:2005). In this view, secularization is a social process that has evolved over a long period of time, while laÃÆ' ¯cità © entails a political decision on the state level. The historian Jean Bauberot has argued that laÃÆ' ¯cità © was the result of a condition in which the state had to destabilize religious institutions mainly Catholic- to assert its authority and ensure democratic liberties, whereas secularization should be viewed as a cultural transformation that has taken place mostly in countries with a Protestant culture (Caron 115:2007). Blandine Kriegel, president of the High Council for Integration, in an interview published in Le Monde defines laÃÆ' ¯cità © as follows: Tout simplement la neutralità © de lespace public qui permet à   une pluralità © de croyance et à   une multiplicità © de citoyens ayant des croyances diffà ©rentes de vivre ensemble de faà §on tolà ©rantes et respectueuses les uns des autres. 3 Evolution of LaÃÆ' ¯cità © After the Revolution of 1789, one finds two Frances. In one camp, there are those defending the notion of a homeland founded on the Catholic Church and the army, often being anti-Protestant, anti-Jew and anti-freemason; they are conservative, even reactionary, and often monarchist. In the other camp, one finds the defenders of the republican ideals of 1789 founded on Reason (not on Catholicism), freedom, religious tolerance, a strict separation between the public and the private domains (Brulard 176:2002. Moreover, a law that separated the Church from the State and abolished Le Concordat of 1801 was voted by la Chambre in July 1905 and by le Sà ©nat on 9 December 1905. Since then, France has had neither official religion nor a privileged religion (Brudy/Marcon 3:1995). The 1905 law complemented the 1901 law which forbade secular associations from having religious activities (Brulard 177:2002). It is important to point out that this law was not negotiated with the religious institutions since it was a legislative act; it is based on the principle of freedom of conscience; it is the implementation of the principle of laÃÆ' ¯cità ©; and it is however, not a creation of the State, it is fundamentally the realization of a long struggle for the human liberation and the secularization of the society (Scot 54-56: 2005). In order to protect the republican nature of the State, Republicans needed to develop an ideology that could replace Catholic Morality and that would spread the ideal of secular citizenship across the country (Jansen 477:2006). In a report titled Rapport sur la laÃÆ' ¯cità © et lobligation de là ©cole primaire the school is viewed as follows: Là ©cole devra donc à ªtre ce quon appelle en France laÃÆ' ¯que, en Hollande neutre, et dans les pays anglo-amà ©ricain unsectarian. (Journal Officiel de la Rà ©publique franà §aise, du 26 mai 1880) On 28 of March 1882 came the law known as the Ferry Law after the Minister of Public Instruction Jules Ferry, which effectively laicized public education (Fetzer/Soper 70:2005). In fact public education became crucial to prevent people from voting for an authoritarian (Catholic) regime (Jansen 477:2006). In 1946, after the trauma of war and occupation, the principle of laÃÆ' ¯cità © was enshrined in the constitution, and is one of the major characteristics of the republican state: France is an indivisible, secular, democratic, and social republic (Article 2 of the Constitution). In addition, the State does not subsidize the religious institutions according to Article 2 and guarantees freedom of worship according to Article 1. It is also important to mention in this respect that not only did the changes on the ground contribute to the shaping of the idea of secularism; but there were also the French Protestants, for whom, the cause of laÃÆ' ¯cità © was synonymous with that of freedom: their wish was to reconcile religion and freedom (Brulard 177:2002). The Protestants found refuge in laÃÆ' ¯cità © as it is the only guarantee for them as a minority to practice their religion without being discriminated against. As we have seen so far laÃÆ' ¯cità © was used, and is still used, to confront the influence of religion. Olivier Roy says that laÃÆ' ¯cità ©, historically a matter of dispute between the republican state and the Catholic Church is founded on anti-clericalism (18:2007). However, it aimed not to exclude believers but to define a space of neutrality (Roy 21:2007). 4 Challenges Confronting LaÃÆ' ¯cità © Since the 1970s, immigration penetrated the public and political spheres as a social problem of ethnic / cultural relations. From guest-workers, factors of production, immigrants came to be perceived as objects of political controversy defined in terms of citizenship and identity (Inà ¨s 182:2002) The debate about laÃÆ' ¯cità © started in the school. The school system is described as a sanctuary for preserving the French laÃÆ' ¯cità ©. The new diagnoses related to the threats against laÃÆ' ¯cità © emerged in school (Bertossi 17:2006). In 1989, two girls in Creil came to class wearing Muslim scarves. This raised a legal challenge to laÃÆ' ¯cità © as there are no school uniforms in French state schools, and it was unclear whether there was an explicit rule preventing pupils from wearing religious symbols (Laborde 52:2008). Since the republican school was conceived as a microcosm of republican political society: within its walls, children would learn to become citizens, a shared public identity that transcend their local, cultural and religious affiliations (Laborde 49:2008) Consequently, any religious sign is considered as a threat to the particularity of the educational system, which is supposed to be neutral, and of course a threat to the ideals of the Republic . The legislation of 15 of March 2004 reversed the 1905 approach to laÃÆ' ¯cità ©; instead of being an abstract principle of State neutrality. It was converted into an identity principle; instead of being exceptional cases of proselytism, according to the 1989 State Councils decision, the interdiction became the common law (Bertossi 19:2006). As a result of this law, laÃÆ' ¯cità © is no longer a matter of the place of religion and its relationship with the State, but rather it is a matter of the French identity (17:2006). This has shifted the discussion about laÃÆ' ¯cità © from its being discriminating against religious minorities to a national issue that concerns every French. 4. 1 The Challenge of Multiculturalism In France multiculturalism is looked down upon because it is perceived to reinforce particularist and divisive identities that threaten the unified French identity. It is believed that associating laÃÆ' ¯cità © with multiculturalism and the recognition of identità ©s collectives is the emphasis of the religious identities, and this emphasis will lead to the fragmentation of the society and pose a threat to liberty since the radical religious people will keep making more pressure (Cohen 5:2007). In the French approach towards the cultural diversity, individuals are to adhere to the body of the nation; they have to adhere to the national values. This model is often referred to as assimilationist because it does not admit the others difference of cultural particularism (Inà ¨s 183:2002). In the 1970s, the concept of assimilation was challenged because it was found that the State did not have the right to erase the regional or ethnic differences. As a result, the term integration was introduced to refer to an open process in which the fundamental values of French society have to be preserved, but without incurring total renunciation of the immigrants original culture(Inà ¨s 183;2002). The efficiency of integration measures is somewhat doubtful, as politicians on the Left and on the Right keep advocating policies which are contradictory: integrating on the one hand and control on the other (183: 2002). Since laÃÆ' ¯cità © has been also associated with the national identity as I have mentioned earlier, it is endangered since there some minorities which have debated the national history and all the controversial issues during the period of the French colonization. Some of these cultural minorities which come from French-colonized countries raise other issues besides the one related to religion. And so, multiculturalism in this context is seen as a threat to the universal values of Enlightenment that was at the basis of all the advancement in France (Cohen 7:2007). 4.2 The Challenge of Religious Groups The diversity inside the religious groups brings up the issue of the contradiction between the States position based on the constitution which requires it to intervene in the religious matters lordre privà ©, and the right of the small religious groups to equality (Cohen 4:2007). For instance, in Islam women are not considered as equal to men, however, men and women are equal according to the French values. Therefore, should the State intervene in matters pertaining to internal religious issues? If the State is to be involved directly in such sensitive issues for a reason or another, the social pressure is building up to push the State to impose equality between men and women (Cohen 4:2007). Moreover, the problem of the sects in France comes to the surface whenever the debate about laÃÆ' ¯cità © starts, even when the attention is, as it the case most of the time, directed to Islam as an issue of controversy. The sects are weighed in the same manner like the radical and dangerous groups which tend to be violent. The challenge is that the as long as the sects do not resemble any of the known monotheistic religions or Buddhism or Hinduism, they remain unrecognized by the State (Gà ¶le 3: 2005). Therefore, the question is whether the State should intervene on one side to ensure that equality is granted to all religious groups and on the other, to control the groups classified as dangerous (like the sects and the extremist groups). When these two conflicting issues are addressed to the State in order to resolve them, it is confronted with the Law of 1905, separation between the State and the Church and the neutrality of the State in regard to internal religious affairs ( Cohen 2:2007). In other words Olivier Roy adds that the phenomenon of sects is troubling to the French society, and the temptation to legislate against them is as strong as in the case of Islam (Roy 6: 2007). The challenge is to give a place to religions in the public domain without running the risk of any of them becoming hegemonic and recovering their institutional authority on individuals conscience. While the conception of laÃÆ' ¯cità © confines religion to the private domain, the headscarf affair raised the issue of social dimension of religion and demonstrated that religion and the surrounding society are far more intricately interrelated (Inà ¨s 186: 2002). In the light of the ongoing changes in the demographic texture in the French society, changes linked to the growing influence of religious minorities on the one hand on their own members and on the other, on the State itself, which should be neutral towards religion. Since the sects are gaining a place in France, the State is in a position of either legislating laws against them or accommodating them within the French society. But the question is who is to be recognized, so some criteria are developed to legalize the sects. Again the State is facing the challenge of deciding which sect can be considered as eligible for its respect global de lordre public (Cohen 3:2007). Besides, the debate goes even further in relation to religion. Which religion is defined as a religion by the State? To this end, the State has to include or exclude some religious groups. In both cases, it risks losing its impartiality, a value enshrined by the constitution. To expound the previous point, the secular State has no competence when it comes to assessing the validity of doctrine. In the case of the Church of Scientology in 1997, the ruling of the court was based on the fact that freedom of belief is one of the fundamental elements of French public liberties expressed in Article of the 1789 Declaration of Human and Citizens Rights and that article 1 of the Separation Law ensures freedom of conscience and beliefs subject to observance of public order, and considering article 9 of the European Convention recognizing religious freedom for all persons. (Proeschel 14: 2008). The ruling stated that there is thus no point in wondering whether the Church of Scientology constitutes a sect or a religion, as freedom of belief is absolute, that to the extent a religion can be defined by coincidence of two elements, an objective element, the existence of a community, even a small one, and a subjective element shared faith, the Church of Scientology can cl aim the title of a religion and develop its activities in all freedom, within the framework of the existing laws, including its missionary activities, or even those of proselytism (Proeschel 14:2007). The Commission Stasi published a report on 11 of December 2003 in which it recommended the interdiction of religious signs in public schools as well as the fight against urban and social discrimination against racism and anti-Semitism, the appointment of Muslim chaplain in public institutions such as hospitals, prisons and the military and the creation of new public holidays. Only the first recommendation was finally implemented with 15 March 2004 and became a law. Yet, this law has been criticized over the compatibility of such ban with European Convention on Human Rights. In their turn official republicans point out to a number of decisions by the European Court of Human Rights which have recognized that a state like Turkey which is the only other laÃÆ' ¯que state in Europe may have a legitimate interest in preserving a secular public sphere (Laborde 59: 2008). Furthermore, the French State reacted towards the growing challenge of Islam by setting up a committee at the initiative of the Ministry of the Interior and Religions and chaired by Jean-Pierre Machelon who made a report in 2006. He came up with a plan to enable local authorities to make direct grants for construction of buildings for religious purposes within their boundaries (Proeschel 11:2008). Given the challenges facing the State, new laÃÆ' ¯cità © politics developed around two main issues. On the one hand, it focused on the so-called fight against collective ethnic and religious identities, what is referred to as communautarisme. On the other, counter- arguments emphasized the anti-discrimination agenda and used notions such as Islamophobia to describe the new context. The issue of gender equality appeared at the intersection of both lines of this debate (Bertossi 17:2006) In a report for the United Nations Commission on Human Rights titled Civil and Political Rights, Including the Question of Religious Intolerance submitted in 2005 by Asma Jahangir, Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion and Belief, the Special Rapporteur has observed that the government may have contributed to a climate of general suspicion and intolerance towards those communities on the list created by the National Assembly in 1996, of movements and groups classified as sects (109). And the report adds [a] number of improvements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦remain to be carried out to ensure that the right to freedom of religion or belief of all individuals is guaranteed (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) (110). And in paragraph 97 in the report, the Special Rapportuer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦considers that a thorough assessment of [laÃÆ' ¯cità ©s] application in the present context of religious pluralism is a necessary process in democratic society based on the rule of the law. 5 Forms of LaÃÆ' ¯cità ©s As a result of the controversies about laÃÆ' ¯cità © and the changes that have taken place in the French society; flow of immigrants with different cultural heritages and religions. The French State has found itself in a position where it needs to make decisions and respond to the rights of the religious groups. Two types of laÃÆ' ¯cità © have developed throughout past years; the soft laÃÆ' ¯cità © and the strict laÃÆ' ¯cità ©. The dichotomies between the two show the degree to which laÃÆ' ¯cità © is being challenged in the French society. Many of the supporters of soft laÃÆ' ¯cità © accuse the proponents of the strict form of trying to make secularist laÃÆ' ¯cità © the state religion in France (Fetzer/Soper 74:2005). In fact, Olivier Roy says that laÃÆ' ¯cità © is moving towards becoming a dogma (22:2007). A few defenders of soft laÃÆ' ¯cità © also lament that the strict version tends to sterilize the society of all cultural diversity and to strip public school students of all individuality (Fetzer/Soper 75:2005). In her book Critical Republicanism The Hijab Controversy and Political Philosophy, Cecile Laborde exposes the ongoing debate about laÃÆ' ¯cità © and identifies two versions of tolerant republican laÃÆ' ¯cità © towards the case for allowing religious signs in the schools. The first version, secular laÃÆ' ¯cità ©, it might be an appealing ideal, but on no plausible interpretation does it mandate that school childrens right to wear religious clothing be restricted. The second version of tolerant republican challenge goes further, and casts doubts on the laÃÆ' ¯que ideal itself (80:2008). She also adds in her criticism of the tolerant laÃÆ' ¯cità © the following: As separation is no more than a historical myth, and the French public sphere is far from neutral in the laÃÆ' ¯que sense, contextual fairness demands that privileges historically granted to Catholics be extended to minority religions such as Islam. Tolerant republicanism, therefore, substitutes pragmatic even-handedness between religious groups to abstentionist neutrality, and allows for the recognition of collective religious identities in the public sphere (80:2008). In addition to the two versions of tolerant republican laÃÆ' ¯cità ©, comes official republican ideal of laÃÆ' ¯cità ©, according to which, republican equality is best promoted through maintenance of secular nature of public sphere and non-interference by the state in religious matters. Finally, critical republicans in contrast to both official and tolerant republicans explicitly confront this complex question and believe that answering it would go a long way towards addressing the legitimate grievances of Muslims in relation to the existing practices of European State (Laborde 89:2008). Critical republicans tend to be fairly tolerant of the religious expression of ordinary citizens, but they adopt a less tolerant stance towards display of religious allegiance or support by the state institutions (86:2008). All in all, there are three attitudes that can be defined in relation to laÃÆ' ¯cità ©. Some, advocating an open laÃÆ' ¯cità © , are concerned with the free exercise of religion, but are also tempered by a revision of the 1905 law. Those favoring a laÃÆ' ¯cità © in movement are sensitive to social and religious change, but remain faithful to the history of the secular ideal. Finally, the more militant laics defend the French republican model by denouncing the dangers of communautarisme and calling for the strengthening of the 1905 law (Caron 117: 2007). 6 Conclusion In the light of the societal developments in the French society, laÃÆ' ¯cità © has encountered great challenges stemming mainly from the claims by the cultural and religious minorities. These minorities, and in particular, Muslims, have simply demanded that their rights to freedom of belief and expression be guaranteed by laÃÆ' ¯cità ©, but instead of granting them their rights, they have been confined to more restrictions in expressing these rights. Ironically, their requests have been estimated to be a threat to laÃÆ' ¯cità © and, of course, to the national identity. There is no doubt that laÃÆ' ¯cità © has evolved over the past years; an open form has come to existence as a result of the stagnation in the process of recognizing the religious groups rights More than one hundred years has passed since the 1905 Law, and the sects and other religious groups are still seeking the States recognition. Though laÃÆ' ¯cità © requires the State to be neutral in matters of religion as they belong to the private domain (lordre privà ©), it has practically failed to curb the States intervention in the internal affairs of the religious groups. Ingemund Hagg says in a paper presented in 2005 in Bulgaria that là ©tat laÃÆ' ¯que is an ideal but 100 years of French history shows that it is difficult to obtain, it has to develop in steps, and within new steps in accordance with societal development in each particular country Consequently, the fact that laicite is not perceived in the same way by its proponents; some believe that it is the only guarantee for freedom of belief and that the State instead of being neutral is abusing the rights of religious minorities under the pretext of protecting laÃÆ' ¯cità © itself. Therefore, laÃÆ' ¯cità © does not, as Claude Proeschel says in the end of her article French LaÃÆ' ¯cità © Confronted with New Challenges involve ignoring religious facts. It requires not mere tolerance on the part of the State, but active organization(15:2007). In that sense, it does embrace differences, but its implementation by the State that renders it rigid. As a result, laÃÆ' ¯cità © as a concept is rigid given the States practices towards the religious groups, but again it is dynamic regarding the controversies about it; different trends of laÃÆ' ¯cità © soft or open. Therefore, in theory, it is dynamic, but in practice, it is rigid. No. of Characters is 23 282.

Analysis of the Poem “Bushed” Essay

The speaker’s journey throughout the poem is a transformation of his identity from the influence of the society to the dictation of his own self. The speaker tried to escape from the reality of his belief and identity. In the beginning of the poem, the speaker already established his purpose – to hide from the real world and obtain the illusion of aloneness. Yet he built a shack on the shore / learned to roast porcupines belly and / wore the quills on his hatband (Birney 4-6). He started building his life away from the world of injustice and pain. He tried to wake up with a feeling of contentment to make his life happy and ease the misery. The speaker mourns into his surroundings – a depiction of pain and suffering. The character of the poem is full of anxiety within his self. He bushed because he wants to disregard the things around him, his feeling of difficulty. By way of controlling the feeling of anguish, the speaker went to the wilderness and obtains all the emotions through the moon, mountain, and wind to be able to release what is hiding inside him – the dictation of his emotions to let go of the pain and move on once again. The poem is an irony of the reality. The author discusses the speaker’s journey and tiredness. As the speaker describes what he has gone through, he also discusses shows his life in the wasteland. The author attempts to make his poem a realization of contentment and real happiness in a world of simplicity. Birney did not create any concept of worldly being to make his character ease the burden and rejuvenate himself through the help of nature. Work Cited Birney, Earle. â€Å"Bushed. †

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The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change Advice For...

The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change advice for policy makers is a book with various statistics and facts about what the scientific community has been noticing about the changing environment. The hope for the panel when making this booklet is that they could help guide policy makers towards making more informed decisions about their policies and the effect it is having on the environment. While some of the evidence is almost indisputable many politicians still argue their validity due to personal beliefs or because they receive campaign donations from companies who do not want to see environmental policies change. The booklet is split up into three different parts, observations of the changes in the environment around us, future risks these changes can have, and how to manage these risks and build a sustainable planet for everybody. The booklet describes many various pieces of evidence from what they have seen around the world and have even rated their certainty on their hy pothesizes. The section starts out about how the global temperature has been increasing rapidly over the past century. They also state that the reason the temperature has been rising is due to human activity and the rise in the amount of greenhouse gases that we release. The amount of human death we had so far is unknown due to the wide cause of effects the rising temperature can have. 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